Type-writing machine.



PATENTED N0v.'2s, 1905.

b 5 9 5 0 00 n N F. W. HILLARD; TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 30,

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No. 805,956. I PATENTED NOV. 28, I905. F. W. H'ILLARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED 1330.30. 1899.

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ATTEF'N iNVEINTDR J3, %jiH/UWH/LLARD ITO-805,956. PATENTED.N0V.28,1905. P W HILLARD TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLIOATIONHLBDDEG.30,1899.

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I ATTORNEY UNITED sT'A Es PATENT ()FFICE.

FREDERIC W. HILLARD, OF TOTTENVILLE, NEW YORK.

' TYPE-WRITING MA CHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 28, 1905.

' Original application filed'May 18, 1894, Serial No. 511,685. Divided and this application filed December 30, 1899. $eria1N0. 742,153-

relates to an improved escapement for the spaced member of type-writing machines, and has for its object to provide such a construction thereof as will result in a quick but steady feed of the spaced member and such that the key-levers may be worked with a light finger-pressure. The escapement herein described is a species of the swinging-rack escapementdescribed and claimed in my prior patents, N 0. 554,874, dated February 18, 1896, and No. 580,281, dated April 6, 1897, although in the form shown herein the swinging of the rack takes no part in effecting the letter and word spacing of the carriage'under control of the escapement. The rack is pivoted to the carriage to swing relatively thereto substantially as the rack is shown and described pivoted to the carriage to swing relatively thereto in my said prior patents, Nos.

554,874 and 580,281, and in said parent application,Serial No. 511,685. The escapement here in shown also has many advantages in common with the escapements described inmy said patents, as well as in my prior patent, No. 577 ,982, dated March 2.1897, and to all the said patents reference is hereby made for a disclosure of the general principles involved in the action of the present escapement.

I. will in the accompanying specification and claims particularly point out and claim the several features particular to this invention and which I desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, in which corresponding parts are designated byv similar marks of reference, Figure 1 is a sectional view of the type-writer, the machine being cut through from front to rear to more clearly show the escapement, the View being from the right-hand side, so as to show the carriage-controlling faces of the dogs. Fig. 2 is a rear view thereof. Fig. 3 is a View of my escapement with a portion of the rack as seen from the rear of the type-writer. Fig.

' .4 is a plan view of the escapement-dogs and of the top of the rocker upon which the dogs are mounted, together with a portion of the rack, the rack-teeth being cut through in sec tion upon the line X X of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the escapement as it would appear from a position at about the upper front right-'hand'corner of the typewriter. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are positional detail plan views of the escapement with the rack shown in sections upon the line X X of Fig. 3. Figs. 4 and 6 both show the normal position of the parts in the unused condition of the machine; but in Fig. 4 the rack is shown feeding from left handto right hand, while in Fig. 6 it is shown feeding from right hand to left hand, the two showings resulting from the fact that in the position of Fig. 4

the escapement is being looked at from the rear of the machine, whereas in Fig. 6 the escapement is seen from the front of the typewriter; Fig. 7 shows the position of the parts when a key is fully depressed, and Fig. 8 shows the position after the release of the key and when the parts havebeen par tially returned toward normal position. Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12 are enlarged detail views of the dogs and rack of Figs. 6 to 8, showing more fully the cycle of the movement of the (liliogs and rack during the movement of the eys.

In the drawings I have shown my improved escapement as adapted to be applied to a machine of the general Remington type, although it is obvious that the improved escapement is adapted for use with other types of machines.

The dog-rocker 1 is adapted to be mounted on pivots on the machine-frame, being provided with centers 2, and is rocked thereon by the depression of each key through a universal bar in the usual manner. The dogrocker carries a normally engaged pivoted or flexible spring-actuated dog 3 and a normally disengaged rigid dog 4, the terms normally engaged and normally disengaged 'having reference to the engagement and disengagement of the respective dogs with the rack 5 when the keys are in their normal position.

When the dog-rocker is swung in, as by the depression of a key. the dog 3 is disengaged from the rack and the dog 4 engaged there with. As the two dogs are slightly staggered movement will be generally sufiicient to permit dog 3 upon return of the parts to normal position to enter the rack and engage there with at the tooth immediately behind the one with which it was in engagement at the beginning of the stroke, thus permitting the rack and the parts with which it is connected to move forward a complete space. To insure this reengagement of dog 3, I may, as illustrated in the several figures showing the details of my escapement, bevel the rear faces of the rack-teeth and dogs, as described and claimed in my Patent No. 580,281, hereinbefore referred to. This reengagement is also insured by mounting the normally engaged dog 3 upon the top of the rocker by a vertical pivot or screw 6, so that its rack-engaging end 7'can vibrate transversely to the line of feed of the rack relatively to the normally disengaged dog, whereby when the end 7 is started into the rack to engage the tooth in the rear of that from which it was disengaged it can yield a little on its pivot 6 to permit dog 4 to be withdrawn from the rack. This provision for transversely vibrating one dog on its pivot relatively to the other is made because the two dogs are staggered with relation to each other only slightly and because in rapid writingthe rack will advance through but a small portion of the letter-space, while the dog 3 is disengaged from the rack, and consequently if it were not for the vertical pivot 6 in the dog 3 the nose of that dog might butt against the rack-tooth before the dogrocker 1 had been returned sufficiently toward normal position to disengage dog 4, in which case dog 4 would not be disengaged and the letters would be printed the one over the other. The vertical pivot6 removes this difiiculty and permits dog 4 to be freely withdrawn from the rack. The pivotal movement of end 7 of dog 3 is controlled by spring 8, which is fastened to the rocker l by screw 9, and is also controlled by the limiting-pin 10 upon the top of the dog-rocker. To still further obviate the difficulty of properly engaging and disengaging the two dogs with the rack-teeth, an open space is left between the dogs of a width a little less than the width of the rack, this being well known.

The carriage-controlling face 11 upon the end 7 of dog 3 and the carriage-controlling faces 12 of the rack, which engage with face 11 in the normal or unused condition of the type-writer, are all set in planes at right angles to the line of movement in which the rack feeds, as well as parallel with the plane of vibratory movement of the dog-rocker. The face 11 of the dog is therefore parallel with the faces 12 of the rack-teeth with which it engages, and both the carriage-controlling face of the dog and also the carriage-controlling =faces of the rack engaging therewith are straight or unbeveled or uninclined relatively to the direction of the feeding movement of the spaced member 5 of the escapement and unbeveled or uninclined relatively to the line of movement of the spacing member for effecting the engagement of face 11 with the faces 12 and its disengagement therefrom.

In my Patent No. 554,874, hereinbefore referred to, I have shown an escapement wherein a beveled or inclined face is employed to control the movement in the line of the feed of the dog with which the rack is being engaged prior to the printing, and thus to control the position and movement of the rack at such times, the parts being so adjusted that if a quick or staccato blow is struck on the key the carriage will not be retracted, whereas if a slow or legatto blow is struck, so that the carriage has time to space forward through a greater distance before the impact of the type than if a staccato blow had been struck, the carriage will be cammed back or retracted sufficiently to properly position the imprint on the paper, and I have in my said patent broadly claimed this invention. I have also in my said prior patent,No. 580,281,.shown a mechanism in which this camming back is effected under like conditions by means of engaging parts which act upon and control the movement of the dog with which the rack is being engaged prior to the printing. In each of these two patents, however, it will be seen that the engaging faces that control the movement of the dog which engages with the rack prior to the printing, as aforesaid, are outside of the engaging parts of the escapement itself-i. e. the rack and dog*and act to move the rack rearwardly only by moving a pivoted dog rearwardly, necessitating the movement both of the spaced part and of the spacing part of the escapement in the line of feed. In my escapement here shown I use in combination with normally engaged straight or unbeveled faces an inclined or beveled face, such as is shown in my said Patent No. 554,874 for controlling the feed of the spaced member of the escapement; but instead of placing it outside of the escapement, as is done in that patent, I place it between the two members of the escapement upon the parts which are being engaged prior to or at the instant of printing, whereby the movement of the spaced part in its line of feed is controlled withoutmovement of the spacing part in the line of feed. This, as it permits the use of a rigid beveled dog or rack-teeth, simplifies the escapement. Such a beveled or inclined carriage-controlling face may be placed on either or both of the escapement members; but for simplicity I will in the description of the action of a beveled face in the escapement refer in the first instance only to the beveled holding or rack, controlling face 13 of dog 4. This inclination or beveling of one or both engaging parts permits the carriage to be advanced in the line,of its feed for printing while the disengagement of the parts is taking place, and

such inclination or beveling may also be instrumental in effecting many other important functionsas, for example, the retraction of the spaced member during the engagement with the other member of the part having the inclined face and the restoration of working parts to their normal positions by aid of the carriage-propelling power, as set forth in my patents hereinbefore referred to. Of course rounded or curved faces are the equivalents ofplane beveled faces.

I do not consider that the slight inclination out of trueordinarily caused by wear on the engaging faces in the escapement constitutes a beveling of such faces in the sense used herein; but I consider all such faces unbeveled and uninclined, as they substantially are, and for the purposes of this application Iconsider any carriage-controlling faces upon the rack-teeth and dogs as unbeveled and uninclined which have a clearance or antifriction bevel thereon so slight as not to effect the character of the spacing, the invention consisting in the combination of normally engaged square or unbeveled carriage controlling or workingfaces, as above defined, and normally disengaged beveled or inclined carriage controlling or working faces and approupon the commencement of the disengagepriate mechanism whereby these faces are adapted to perform the functions herein stated- Referring to Figs. 4, 5, and 6, it will be seen that I place a beveled carriage-controlling face 13 on that side of the dog4= that opposes the forward movement of the rack and on that edge thereof which is adjacent to the dog 3. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 represent a series of positional views of the action of such an escapement. In Figs. 4 and 6 the parts areshown in their normal positions of rest, the rack being held by the controlling-face 11 of the pivoted dog 3. In Fig. 7 a key has been depressed and the dog-rocker 1 has moved, (in the drawing in a downward direction) disengaging the dog-face 11 and engaging the dog 4:, the rack now resting on the beveled face 13 of the last-named dog, it having been fed slightly forward, owing to the staggering of the two dogs. This feed is shown in Fig. 7 by the dog-face 11, being now opposite and slightly out of line and rearwardly of the edge of the rack-tooth from which it was disengaged. In Fig.8 I have shown the parts in the position which they occupy whenthe keys are returning to normal position after their release. It will be seen that the'beve'led face 13 of the dog 4 is being withdrawn from the rack 5 and that this has permitted the rack to feed forward, (7 e. to the left in Fig. 8,) the'dog end 7 having been swung on its pivot 6 by contacting with the side of'the tooth. The feeding movement of the rack therefore starts ment of the dog 4 and the rack. The initial feed of the rack being effected by the bevel ing of the dog, it is obviously undercontrol of the dog and depends upon the movement of the latter, so that if a keyis depressed after the rack is in engagement with the said beveled face the carriage will be cammed backward. While the rack is being held by the beveled face 13 on the rigid dog 4: against the pull of the mainspring, it will be obvious that the mainspring acts through the beveled face to throwthe dog out of the rack and to thus return the dog-rocker 1 and key-levers to normal position. As this tendency of the mainspring only exists during the period the rack is in engagement with the dog 4, which, generally speaking, begins about the instant of printing, the additional upward'pull thus given to the key-lever must be overcome by the operator if he desires to hold the key down or to depress it still further, and the mainspring thus serves not only to notify him that the key has been sufficiently depressed,

but to automatically lift his fingers. This violently away from the paper by the quick return of the key-levers, effected, as above described, by the strong pull of the mainspring coming into efiect at the proper time, and will thus be prevented from rebounding or blurring the print. This action of the mainspring in returning the type is also shown and claimed in said prior patent N 0. 580,281,, and therefore such repulsion of the key-levers and return of the escapement parts'and typebars is only claimed herein in connection with the location or character of the beveled faces 7 through which the pull is transmitted.

The rack 5 is provided with two series of controlling-faces upon the side opposing the forward feeding movement of the carriageviz., the beveled faces 14:, which engage with the correspondingly-beveled dog-face 13, and the faces 12, the latter faces being unbeveled and engaging with the correspondingly-unbeveled controlling-face 11 of dog. 3. These two series of controlling-faces on the rackteeth constitute, in effect, two series of ratchetteeth, and although both series are upon a single rack-bar I consider them as being two separate parts or elements in one member of the escapement which alternately engage with the other member, and in a similar manner I consider the two dogs 3 aud t to be two parts or elements in one member which alternately engage with the other member.

' The width of the inclined, face 13 on the dog A is by preference not less thanthc width of of the type-writer.

the normal engagement between the rack and dog 3, and preferably the width of the inclined face should be greater than the width of said normal engagement.

I will now proceed to describe my method of applying my herein-described escapement to the type-writer and its connection with the other parts and mode of operation upon the machine; but for thesake of clearness I will first describe in a brief and general manner the type-writer itself. I

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the key-levers 15 are mounted on the base-frame 16, being pivoted in the ordinary manner at the rear of the machine by any suitable and convenient Ineansas, for instance, upon the shaft 17and at their front ends they are provided with the usual keys 18. Upon the top plate 19 of the machine is mounted the carriage 20, which is secured at the rear to guide-rod 21 for movement thereon crosswise The carriage may be mounted upon and fastened to guide-rod 21 by the usual and well-known means provided for such purpose. I have shown it mounted upon the guide-rod by two lugs 22, which permit it to feed lengthwise on the rod, as well as to be swung upwardly and back to inspect the writing, &c., and so that it is permanently attached to the machine and not liable to be disconnected therefrom accidentally. At its front the carriage is provided with roller 23, which travels upon the front carriage-rod 24 for feeding the carriage. The front 'rod 24 is mounted upon two brackets 25,which at their lower ends are pivoted upon rod 26, so that when rocked upon their pivot 26 the brackets will cause the front rod 24 to vibrate from the front of the machine toward the rear of the machine. and vice versa. The guide-rod 21 is also mounted at the upper ends of two brackets 27 at either side of the machine, and at their lower ends the brackets 27 are mounted upon pivot-rod 28. Upon either side of the top plate I provide connecting-rods 29, one connectingrod being connected with the brackets 25 and 27 on the left-hand side of the machine and the other connecting-rod being connected with the brackets 25 and 27 on the right-hand side of the machine. It will thus be seen that force applied to one of the front rod-brackets 25 will be transmitted through pivot-rod 26 and the front rod 24 to the other bracket 25, thereby causing the two brackets 25 25 to swing in unison so that the entire carriage front rod 24 is swung rearwardly and frontwardly upon the machine in the usual and well-known manner, and since the rear brackets 27 are connected with the front brackets 25 by means of connectingrods 29 the vibratory movement of the front brackets will be transmitted to the-rear brackets, thereby causing the carriage front rod 24 and the carriage-guide rod 21 to oscillate rearwardly and frontwardly upon the typewriter in unison with each other and also causing the carriage 20 to vibrate as a whole rearwardly and frontwardly with the front rod 24 and guide-rod 21.

By the above-described means I am enabled to shift my platen 3O rearwardly upon the machine to print upper-case characters and frontwardly upon the machine to print lowercase characters. The carriage is normally held in its frontward or lower-case-printing position and is controlled therein by spring 31, which is attached to the front end of the frontwardly-extending arm 32 upon the lower end of the left-hand bracket 25. Extending toward the rear at the lower end of the same bracket is arm 33, which is connected with carriage shift-rod 34. At its lower end the rod 34 is attached to the shifting-key lever 15, which key-lever is pivoted at the rear of the type-writer and is provided upon its front end with carriage-shift key 35. By depressing shift-key 35 spring 31 is overcome and the brackets 25 and 27, together with the carriage front rod 24 and carriage guide-rod 21, are shifted rearwardly, thereby moving the carriage to upper-case-printing position. The rack-frame 36 is connected to guide-rod 21 and to the carriage so as to move rearwardly and frontwardly upon the machine with the carriage, its position when the carriage is shifted for printing upper case characters being indicated by dotted lines. The rack 5 is mounted at its upper edgeupon pivots 37, which connect it with the rack-frame 36, and at its lower edge it is controlled by the rackguide 38, so that the lower toothed edge of the rack-bar is held in engagement with dog 3, with which it normally engages, while the upper edge of the rack-bar vibrates with the carriage rearwardly and frontwardly upon the machine when the carriage is shifted to upper-case and lower-case printing positions. The rack-guide is mounted upon its pivot 39, set in a bracket provided for the purpose upon the machine and at its lower end is provided with the rearwardly-extending arm 40, which at its rearward extremity is connected with spring 41, the spring 41 being fastened at its lower end to the base-frame 16 and tending to always draw down the rearwardlyextending arm 40, and thereby swing rearwardly the upwardly-extending vibratory end which controls the rack. The rearward movement of the rack-guide is limited by a hooked latch 42, said latch being'fastened to the frame of the type-writerby a screw or pin 43. The toothed edge of the rack-bar may be swung inwardly to disengage the rack from the dog by force applied to the rack-bar suiiicient to overcome spring 41, thus releasing the carriage from control of the escapement. In said parent application Serial No. 511,685, I have shown and claimed a release-key for thus swinging the rack free of the dog. It will thus be obvious that my escapement shown herein is a species of the swinging-rack escapement described and claimed in my-said Patents Nos. 554,874 and 580,281, since in the form shown herein, as well as in the forms-of said prior patcuts, the rack is pivotally mounted upon the carriage to swing relatively thereto. The dogrocker 1 is pivotally mounted upon brackets 44, provided. for the purpose upon the baseframe 16 of the machine. One branch of the dog-rocker extends upwardly and at its up per extremity carries the dogs 8 and 4 and the parts connected therewith, as above described. At its lower extremity the dog-rocker is provided with the rearwardly-extending arm 45, to which -is attached the rockerreturning spring 46, said spring being-attached at its lower end to the base-frame 16 and always tending to rock the dog-rocker rearwardly. The arm 47 extends frontwardly and supports cross-bar 48, said cross-bar being connected at either end with rods 49, which extend downwardly and at their lower ends. are threaded into a universal bar 50. The universal bar 50 passes under all'the key-levers 15 in the usual manner, so as to limit the rearward movement of the dog-rocker 1 under the influence of returning-spring 46, and so as to swing the rocker inwardly to disengage dog 3 from the rack and move dog 4 into engagement therewith. To each key-lever is attached a 'type-bar-connecting rod 51 in the usual manner, and each of the connectingrods- 51 is attached at its upper end to an adjusting-screw 52, the several adjustingscrews 52 being threaded into the pivotal ends of the type-bars 53, the type 54 being mounted in the lower free ends of said typebars in the usual manner. The function of adjusting-screws 52 will be hereinafter described.

Upon the lower ends of connecting-wires 49, below universal bar 50, the nuts 55'are threaded in the usual manner and may serve as a means for lengthening and shortening the said connecting-wires between cross-bar 48 and the universal bar 50 in adjusting the extent to which dog 4is inserted into the rackteeth when a key 18 is depressed and its-connected type 54 brought to the platen 30. The

carriage, as in the well-known Remington construction, when released by the escapement is advanced in the line of printing by means of a coiled spring 56 contained in a barrel 57, the carriage being connected to thev barrel by a band 58.

The adjusting-screws 52 can, as stated, be screwed into and out of the type-bars, thereby lengthening or shortening the leverage by which the keys actuate the type-bars, whereby the speed at which a type-bar will be driven to the printing-point by its connected key may be varied relatively to the speed at which thedogs are driven through the rack thereby.

I wish to call particular attention 'to the fact that many of the advantages resulting from my herein-described combination of normally engaging unbeveled faces and normally disengaged beveled faces in the escapement for controlling the carriage are due to the fact that the engagement of the rack passes directly from the unbeveled face of the normally engaging dog to the beveled face of the normally disengaged dog as well as from the engagement of its own unbeveled carriagecontrolling faces with the normally engaging dog to the engagement of its beveled faces with the normally disengaged dog.

Other advantages result from the fact that the rack passes directly from engagement with the beveled face of the normally disengaged dog on the release of a key to an unbeveled face of the normally engaged dog as well as from the engagement of its own beveled carriagecontrolling faces with the normally disengaged dog'to the engagement of its un beveled faces with the normally engaged dog. While in this case I have shown many fea .tures of invention which are also shown in my original application, Serial No. 511,685,I claim none of such features except in combination with an escapement in which there is a square or unbeveled normally engaged face and a beveled normally'disengaged face, as I have in my said original application, Serial No. 511,685, made claims to such features generic to the claims herein made in that I do not inthe claims of said original application recite that i the normally engaged face is square or unbeveled.

, faces, and the engaging face. of the independently-pivoted dog being arranged and disposed relatively to the face of'the other dog and relatively to the faces of the rack-teeth that the carriage can be advanced by the pro pelling power when the independently-pivoted dog is disengaged, far enough to permit that dog to enter a succeeding tooth on reengaging with the rack.

2. In a writing-machine, the combination with a power-driven carriage, of a rack, a dogrocker pivoted to vibrate transversely to the direction of the carriage-feed, and a pair of dogs mounted on the rocker and vibrating therewith to alternately engage with the rack,

one of the dogs having a square or unbeveled carriage-controlling face and independently pivoted on the rocker and the other dog having a beveled rack-engaging face on the side thereof opposing the carriage-feed, the said rack having teeth provided with square or unbeveled dog-engaging faces beveled to an edge on their rear faces on the side with which the independently-pivoted dog engages, the engaging face of the independently-pivoted dog arranged and disposed relatively to the face of the other dog and relatively to the faces of the rack-teeth to allow the carriage to be advanced by the propelling power when the independently-pivoted dog is disengaged, far enough to permit that dog to enter a succeeding tooth on reengaging with the rack.

3. In a writing-machine, the combination with a power-driven carriage, of a rack, a dogrocker pivoted to vibrate transversely to the direction of the carriage-feed, and a pair of dogs mounted on the rocker and vibrating therewith to alternately engage with the rack, one of the dogs having a square or unbeveled carriage-controlling face, and being pivoted on the rocker and spring-actuated thereon to Vibrate toward and from the other dog, and normally engaging with the rack; and the other dog being rigid upon the rocker and normally disengaged from the rack, the rack having teeth provided with square or unbeveled dogengaging faces and beveled to an edge on their rear faces on the side with which the pivoted dog engages, and the rigid dog having an inclined carriage controlling and engaging face along which the rack feeds during the disengagement of that dog from the rack and which is arranged and disposed relatively to the pivoted dog to allow the rack to be advanced along said face by the propelling power when the pivoted dog is withdrawn from the rack, far enough to permit the pivoted dog to enter a succeeding tooth on reengaging with the rack.

4. In a writing-machine escapement, the combination of a rack and a dog member which engage together, the dog member having a normally engaged pivoted spring-actuated dog which is substantially square unbeveled on its carriage-controlling face and a normally disengaged rigid dog which isseparated from the pivoted dog by an open space, the rigid dog having an inclined carriage-controlling face on the edge thereof adjacent to the pivoted dog, the length of the inclined face and open space between the dogs being together of a measurement at least equal to the width of the normal engagement between the escapement members.

5. In a writing-machine escapement, the combination of a spaced member and a spacing member, square or unbeveled faces on the said members, which faces normally engage together, an inclined carriage-controlling face on one of the members which is normally out of the path of the other member but which is adapted to be brought into the path thereof, means for bringing the inclined face into the path of the other member, and a carriagepropelling power acting upon the inclined face when in engagement to move it out of the path of the other memberof the escapement. substantially as described.

-6. In a writing-machine escapement, the combination of a rack, a pivoted spring-actuated dog which normally engages the rack and is substantially square or unbeveled, a holding-dog which is normally out of the path of the rack but which is adapted to be moved into the path thereof, a finger-key and suitable connections for moving the holding-dog into the path of the rack, the holding-dog having a beveled carriage-controlling face which engages with the rack and allows the carriage-mainspring to move the holding-dog out of the path of the rack, substantially as described.

7. In a writing-machine escapemcnt, the combination of a spaced member and a spacing member, square or unbeveled faces on said members which faces normally engage together, an inclined carriage-con trolling face on one of the members of a width at least equal to the normal engagement between the members and which is normally out of the path of the other member but which is adapted to be brought into the path thereof, means for bringing the inclined face into the path of the other member and a carriage-propelling power acting upon the inclined face when in engagement to move it out of the path of the other member.

' 8. In a writing-machine escapement, the combination of a spaced member and a spacing member, square or unbeveled facesin said members which faces normally engage together, an inclined carriage-controlling face on one of the members which is normally out of the path of the other member but adjacent to said square or unbeveled part, and separated therefrom bya space and adapted to be brought into the path of the other member, the combined width of said inclined face and open space being at least equal to the normal engagement between the members, means for bringing the inclined face into the path of the other member, and a carriage-propelling power acting upon the inclined face to move it out of the path of the other member.

9. In a writing-machine escapement, the combination of a power-driven spaced member and a spacing member, each of the members having a square or unbeveled controlling-face thereon, which face is normally in engagement, and one of the members having an inclined controlling face, which face is normally out of engagement, a printing member, and a key and connections to drive the printing member against the impression-surface and to bring the inclined controlling-face into engagement prior to printing, and to cause the feed of the spaced member of the escapement to vary with the speed with which the printing member is driven against the impression-surface, substantially as described.

10. In a writing-machine escapement, the combination with a power-driven rack, of a dog which normally engages therewith and has a straight or unbeveled rack-engaging face, a dog normally disengaged from the rack and having an inclined rack controlling and engaging face, a printing member, and a key and suitable connections to drive the printing member against an impression-surface and to bring the inclined face of the disengaged dog into engagement with the rack at the instant of printing, whereby the feed of the spaced member of the escapement varies with the speed with which the printing member is driven against the impression-surface.

11. In a writing-machine escapement, the combination with the keys, of a spaced member and a spacing member, square or unbeveled carriage-controlling faces on said members which normally engage together, an inclined carriage-controlling face on one of the members which is normally out of the path of the other member but which is adapted to be brought into the path thereof, means operated by the keys for bringing the inclined face into the path of the other member and for thereby retracting the spaced member by aid of the inclined face, and a carriage-pro pelling power acting upon the inclined face to move it from the path of the other member.

12. In a writing-machine escapement, the combination of apower-propelled spaced member anda spacing member, two carriage-controlling faces in one of the members, one of which is square or unbeveled and normally engages with the other member, and the other of which is normally disengaged therefrom but arranged and disposed to engage therewith and inclined relatively to the direction of feed of the spaced member, and a key and connection for operating the escapement and thereby retracting the spaced member by aid of the said inclined face, substantially as described.

13. In a writing-machine, the combination with a power-propelled carriage, of an escapement therefor which comprises two engaging members, both of which members are provided with square or unbeveled carriage-controlling faces that engage together in the nor mal or unused condition of the machine, a printing member, and a key connected with the printing member to move it to the printing-point and connected with the escapement for moving it.in one direction, one of the escapement members having an inclined carriage controlling face thereon which is I brought into engagement with the other'escapement memberby the movement of the operates through the escapement and inter-- mediate connections to move the printing member toward normal position.

14:. In a writing-machine, the combination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapement to controlthe feed thereof comprising a rack, a pivoted spring-actuated feeding-dog which is square or unbeveled on the side opposing the carriage-feed and normally engages with the rack and a rigid-holding-dog which is normally disengaged, a type-bar, a key connected with the type-bar to moveit to and from the printing-point and connected with the escapement to disengage the feedingdog from the rack and to engage'the holding. dog therewith, and an inclined carriage-controlling face on the holding-dog which is brought into engagement with the rack by the movement of the key, whereby the carriage-propelling power operates by aid of said inclined face'and intermediate connection to move the type-bar toward normal position,

and to disengage the holding-dog from the rack, substantially as described.

15. In a writing-machine, the combination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapement therefor comprising a rack member and a dog member, the dog member consisting of two parts, staggered in respect to each other,

and two faces in one of the escapement mem- 5 engaged therefrom, one of the said parts having a beveled or inclined holding-face which is normally out of engagement with the other part, a normally'engaged dog, the rack and normally engaged dog having square or unbeveled holdingfaces thereon which nor. mally engage together, a key and'connections for disengaging the normally engaged dogfrom the rack and for engaging the normally disengaged dog with the rack, an escapementretracting spring and a carrlage-mainsprlng lIO acting through said beveled face to assist the escapement-retracting spring in disengaging the normally disengaged dog from the rack, substantially as described.

17 Inatype-wri'ting machine, the combination of type-bars and keys for actuating them, connections between each key and its typebar whereby the type-bar is positively moved by the depression of its key, and .by the return of its key to normal position, a powerdriven carriage, an escapement to control the feed of the carnage comprising two mem' bers, one of the members having two parts,

one of which parts is square or unbeveled on the side opposing the carriage-feed, and normally engages with the other member, and the other of which parts is normally disengaged and provided with a beveled face on the side opposing the carriage-feed, an opertive connection between the several said keys and the escapement, arranged and adapted to disengage said normally engaged part from the other member, and to engage said beveled face therewith to control the carriagefeed when the keys are depressed, substantially as described.

18. In atype-writing machine, the combination of type-bars and keys for actuating the same, a connection between each key and its type-bar, whereby the type-bar is positively moved by the depression of its key, and by the return of its key to normal position, a powerdriven carriage, and an escapement to control the feed of the carriage, comprising a rack, a pivoted dog, which normally engages the rack and is substantially square or unbeveled on the side opposing the carriagefeed, arigid dog which is normally disengaged from the rack and provided with a beveled face on the side opposing the carriage-feed and an operative connection between the several keys and the escapement, arranged and adapted to disengage said pivoted dog from the rack and to engage said beveled face on the fixed dog therewith to control the carriagefeed when the keys are depressed.

19. Inatype-writingmachine, the combination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapement therefor, the engaging parts of the said escapement having normally engaging square or unbeveled faces, and having a normally disengaged beveled working face, a plurality of type-actuating keys, a corresponding plurality of type-bars, connections for positively moving each type-bar by the depression of its key, and by the return of its key to normal position, and an operative connection between the several keys and the escapement to move a part of the escapement from normal position by the depression of the keys and to permit the movement of the said part toward normal position during the return movement of the keys, substantially as described.

20. In a type-writer escapement, the combination with keys, of a rack and a rocker, a normally disengaged dog fixedly mounted on the rocker, the said dog having a beveled carriagecontrolling face arranged and adapted to engage the rack when the keys are depressed, a normally engaged dog, having a square or unbeveled carriage-controlling face thereon, which normally engages the rack, said normally engaged dog being pivotally mounted on the rocker and spring-pressed toward the normally disengaged dog, but capable of yielding on its pivot in a direction to increase the width of the opening between the two dogs, substantially as described.

21. In a writing-machine escapement, the combination of a power propelled spaced member and a spacing member, one of which has two controlling-faces, one of the faces being square or unbeveled and normally engaging with the other member, and the other of the faces being normally disengaged from the other member, and a key for moving one member of the escapement in a path inclined relatively to said normally disengaged face, substantially as described.

22. In a writing-machine escapement the combination of a spaced member and a spacing member, each of which has a square or unbeveled face thereon which faces normally engage together, one of the members having an inclined carriage-controlling face which is normally out of the path of the other member, a key and connections for bringing the inclined face into the path of the other member and a carriage-propelling power acting upon the spacing member when the inclined face thereof is in engagement with the spaced member to rengage the said square or unbeveled faces which normally engage together, substantially as described.

23. In a type-writer, the combination, with the keys, of an escapement comprising a spaced memberand a spacing member, the members having square or unbeveled carriagecontrolling faces which are normally in engagement and one of the members having a beveled carriage-controlling face which is normally out of engagement with the other member, and connections between the keys and the escapement to disengage the square or unbeveled faces and release the spaced member prior to the full depression of the keys and to engage the beveled face with the other member at the full depression of the keys, substantially as described.

24. In a type-writer, the combination with the keys, of an escapement comprising a power-propelled rack and a rocker having two dogs, one of the dogs being pivoted on the rocker and having a square or unbeveled carriage-controlling face normally in engagement with the rack, and the other dog being rigid on the rocker and having a beveled carriage-controlling face which is normally out of engagement with the rack, and connections between the keys and the rocker to disengage the pivoted dog and release the rack prior to the full depression of the keys and to engage the rigid dog with the rack at the full depression of the keys, substantially as described.

25. In a writing-machine escapement, the combination of a spaced and spacing member which engage together, one of the members having two series of carriage-controlling faces on that side thereof which opposes the carriage-feed, one series being formed in planes which are oblique to the planes of the other series, the faces in one series being inclined to' the direction of the movement of the member they are on and the faces of the other series being at right angles to the direction of the movement of the same member and a carriage-mainspring for feeding the spaced mem- 5 ber, substantiallyas described.

26. In a writing-machine escapement, the combination of a spaced and spacing member which engage tog'ther, one of the members having two carriage-controlling faces fixedly r located in respect to each other on that side thereof which opposes the carriage-feed, one face being in a plane which is oblique to the plane of the other face, one face being inclined to-the line of movement of the member it is on and the other face being at right angles to the line of-movement of the same member and a carriage-mainspring for feeding the spaced member, substantially as described.

Signed by me in New York city this 28th day of December, 1899.

FREDERIG W. HILLARD.

Witnesses: 1

GEORGE H. GILMAN,'

THOMAS EWING, Jr. 

